Archived Policy Documents

Crime

• General Crime: Crime Control: The Federal Response (Congressional Research Service: September 12, 2002)
• General Crime: Criminal Victimization: 2002 (US Bureau of Justice Statistics: August, 2003)
• General Crime: Check and Credit Card Fraud (US Department of Justice: September 30, 2003) -- PDF File
• General Crime: Identity Theft: Growing Prevalence and Cost (General Accounting Office: February 14, 2002)
• Death Penalty: Capital Punishment 2000 (US Bureau of Justice Statistics: December, 2001)
• Drug Abuse: Drug Trafficking in the United States (Drug Enforcement Administration: Added May 2004)
• Drug Abuse: Marijuana (White House Office of National Drug Control Policy: February, 2004)
• Drug Abuse: National Drug Control Strategy, 2004 (White House Office of National Drug Control Policy: March, 2004)
• Drug Abuse: Crack Cocaine (White House Office of National Drug Control Policy: June 2003)
• Drug Abuse: Drug Abuse in America: 2001 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: September 5, 2002)
• Drug Abuse: Drug Control: International Policy and Options (Congressional Research Service: October 16, 2002)
• Drug Abuse: Drug Related Crime (White House Office of National Drug Control Policy: March 2000)
• Drug Abuse: Drug Use Trends (White House Office of National Drug Control Policy: October 2002)
• Drug Abuse: Heroin (White House Office of National Drug Control Policy: June 2003)
• Drug Abuse: Possible Medical Uses of Marijuana (Department of Health and Human Services: May 15, 2002)
• Drug Abuse: Substance Abuse - A National Challenge (Department of Health and Human Services: February 27, 2002)
• Gun Control: Firearms and Crime Statistics (Bureau of Justice Statistics: August, 2003)
• Gun Control: Gun Control (Congressional Research Service: October 3, 2002)
• Juvenile Justice: Gangs - Facts and Figures (National Criminal Justice Reference Service: Added May 31, 2004)
• Juvenile Justice: Gang-Related Crime (National Criminal Justice Reference Service: Added August 5, 2003)
• Juvenile Justice: Overview of the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants (US Department of Justice: undated)
• Juvenile Justice: School Violence (National Criminal Justice Reference Service: Added August 7, 2003)
• Law Enforcement: Benefits and Consequences of Police Crackdowns (US Department of Justice: September, 2003) -- PDF File
• Law Enforcement: Forensic Science (National Criminal Justice Reference Service: Added August 7, 2003)
• Law Enforcement: History of the FBI (FBI: August, 2003)
• Prisons and Sentencing: Prisoner Reentry (U.S. Department of Justice: Added May, 2004)
• Prisons and Sentencing: Probation and Parole in the United States, 2002 (U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics: August, 2003)  -- PDF File
• Prisons and Sentencing: Prisoners in 2002 (U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics: August, 2003)  -- PDF File
• Prisons and Sentencing: Correctional Boot Camps (U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics: June, 2003)  -- PDF File
• Prisons and Sentencing: Prevalence of Imprisonment in the US Population, 1974-2001 (U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics: August, 2003)  -- PDF File
• Prisons and Sentencing: Education and Correctional Populations (U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics: January, 2003)  -- PDF File
• Prisons and Sentencing: Recidivism of Prisoners in 1994 (U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics: June, 2002)  -- PDF File
• Prisons and Sentencing: Life In Prison Without Possibility of Release (Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse: November, 2000)
• Prisons and Sentencing: Criminal Sentencing Statistics (U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics: August, 2003)
• Violence: Family Violence (National Criminal Justice Reference Service: Added August 7, 2003)
• Violence: Domestic Violence (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: April, 2000)

Cultural Issues

• Abortion: Abortion Issues in the 107th Congress (Congressional Research Service: September 20, 2002)
• Abortion: Background and Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Research (Congressional Research Service: June 12, 2002)
• Abortion: International Family Planning: The Mexico City Policy (Congressional Research Service: April 2, 2002) -- PDF File
• Abortion: Abortion Statistics (Centers for Disease Control)
• Abortion: Termination of Early Pregnancy with RU-486 (Congressional Research Service: February 23, 2001) -- PDF File
• Abortion: Abortion Law Development (Congressional Research Service: January 28, 2001)
• Affirmative Action: Affirmative Action-History (Clinton White House: July 19, 1995)
• Affirmative Action: Affirmative Action-Empirical Research (Clinton White House: July 19, 1995)
• Affirmative Action: Affirmative Action-Justification (Clinton White House: July 19, 1995)
• Arts: About the NEA (National Endowment for the Arts: January, 2003)
• Arts: NEH Overview (National Endowment for the Humanities: undated)
• Civil Rights: Brown vs. Board of Education - 50 Years Later (U.S. State Department, International Information Programs: May, 2004)
• Civil Rights: Federal Anti-Discrimination Laws (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: May 24, 2002)
• Civil Rights: Hate Crime, A Summary (National Criminal Justice Reference Service: Added August 6, 2003)
• Civil Liberties: Flag Burning (Congressional Research Service: June 4, 2003)
• Civil Liberties: Child Pornography: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes (Congressional Research Service: June 25, 2003) -- PDF File
• Cloning: Human Cloning (Human Genome Project: January 12, 2004)
• Native Americans: Administration for Native Americans Programs (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: February, 2000)
• Native Americans: Civil Rights and Native Americans (US Department of Justice: undated)
• Religion: US Commitment to International Religious Freedom (US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor: 2002)

Economic Issues

• Budget and Tax: 2001 Tax Cut: Description, Analysis, and Background (Congressional Research Service: December 9, 2002) -- PDF File
• Budget and Tax: Summary of H.R. 1836 - The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (House GOP Committee Central: May 25, 2001)
• Budget and Tax: The Alternative Minimum Tax (Congressional Budget Office: April 15, 2004)
• Budget and Tax: Inheritance Tax - Pros and Cons (Congressional Research Service: January 29, 2003)
• Budget and Tax: Capital Gains Taxes and Federal Revenues (Congressional Budget Office: October 9, 2002)
• Budget and Tax: A 125-Year Picture of the Federal Government's Share of the Economy (Congressional Budget Office: July 3, 2002)
• Budget and Tax: Across the Board Tax Cuts: Economic Issues (Congressional Budget Office: September 24, 2001) -- PDF File
• Budget and Tax: History of the US Tax System (US Department of the Treasury: undated)
• Budget and Tax: US State and Local Taxes (US Department of the Treasury: undated)
• Business: The Economics of US Tort Liability: A Primer (Congressional Budget Office: October, 2003)
• Business: Who Pays for Tort Liability Claims? (White House Council of Economic Advisors: April, 2002)
• Business: General Overview of Federal Antitrust Law (Congressional Research Service: June 18, 2001) -- PDF File
• Economy: Inflation: Causes, Costs and Current Status (Congressional Research Service: May 20, 2003)
• Economic Development: History of the TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority: undated)
• International Trade: The Pros and Cons of Free Trade Agreements (Congressional Budget Office: July 31, 2003)
• Labor: The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (US Department of Labor: June 2004)
• Labor: What Accounts for the Decline in Manufacturing Employment? (Congressional Budget Office: February 18, 2004)
• Labor: The Gender Equity Gap and Pay Equity: Is Comparable Worth the Next Step? (Congressional Research Service: April 21, 2003) -- PDF File
• Labor: Ergonomics in the Workplace: Is It Time for an OSHA Standard? (Congressional Research Service: May 7, 2002)
• Labor: The Decline in the Minimum Wage for America's Workers (Democratic Staff of the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee: July 1, 2004)
• Labor: Raising the Minimum Wage (White House: January 8, 2001)
• Science and Technology: Bush Space Exploration Program (The White House: January 14, 2004)
• Science and Technology: A Brief History of NASA (National Air and Space Administration: May 8, 2002)
• Transportation: The Benefits of State Seat Belt Laws (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: undated)

Education

• Adult Education: Fact Sheet on Adult Education (Kentucky  Council on Postsecondary Education: June 13, 2003)
• Adult Education: Literacy in the United States (National Institute for Literacy: August, 2003)
• Elementary and Secondary: Summary of the Bush FY 2004 Education Budget (U.S. Department of Education: August 1, 2003)
• Elementary and Secondary: Executive Summary of the No Child Left Behind Act (U.S. Department of Education: July 11, 2002)
• Elementary and Secondary: School Choice (Congressional Research Service: August 1, 2003)
• Elementary and Secondary: Education Vouchers: Constitutional Issues and Concerns (Congressional Research Service: May 20, 2003)
• Elementary and Secondary: Education System Flooded with Cash, Republicans Report (U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Education and the Workforce, Republican Staff: January 14, 2004)
• Elementary and Secondary: Private Schools: A Brief Portrait (U.S. Department of Education: September 5, 2002)
• Elementary and Secondary: U.S. Education Spending: 1999-2000 (U.S. Department of Education: May 16, 2002)
• Elementary and Secondary: The State of U.S. Education: 2001 (U.S. Department of Education: March 1, 2002)
• Elementary and Secondary: Bilingual Education Act: An Overview (Congressional Research Service: June 7, 2001) -- PDF File
• Head Start: Head Start Policy Book (White House: Added May, 2004)
• Head Start: Head Start Program Fact Sheet (Head Start Bureau: May 18, 2004)
• Head Start: New HHS Report Offers Mixed Results on Accountability in Head Start (U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Education and the Workforce, Republican Staff: May 13, 2004)
• Head Start: Strengthening Head Start: What the Evidence Shows (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: June, 2003)
• Head Start: President Bush's Plan to Prepare Children for Kindergarten (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: February, 2003)
• Head Start: Head Start: Background and Funding (Congressional Research Service: January 10, 2001)  -- PDF File
• Head Start: Head Start (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: January, 1999)
• Higher Education: Post-Secondary Education Statistics: 2001 (U.S. Department of Education: August 1, 2003)
• Higher Education: Higher Education Act: Reauthorization Status and Issues (Congressional Research Service: October 9, 2002)

Environment

• Air Quality: Clean Air Act Issues in the 108th Congress (Congressional Research Service: September 4, 2003) -- PDF File
• Air Quality: What Is Acid Rain and What Causes It? (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: August 6, 2002)
• Air Quality: Plain English Guide to the Clean Air Act (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: May 13, 2002)
• Air Quality: Ozone: Good Up High, Bad Nearby (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: October 1997)
• Air Quality: Sick Building Syndrome (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: April 1991)
• Energy: Fuel Economy Standards vs. a Gasoline Tax (Congressional Budget Office: March 2004) 
• Energy: Energy Policy: Setting the Stage for the Current Debate (Congressional Research Service: September 30, 2002)
• Energy: Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards (Congressional Research Service: September 25, 2002)
• Energy: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) (Congressional Research Service: August 28, 2002)
• Energy: Nuclear Energy in the United States (Congressional Research Service: July 23, 2003)
• Energy: Nuclear Waste (Nuclear Regulatory Commission: January 2003) 
• Energy: Accident at Three Mile Island (Nuclear Regulatory Commission: November, 2002) 
• Global Warming: Climate Change: An Overview (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: August 14, 2002)
• Global Warming: Global Climate Change: Market Based Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gasses (Congressional Research Service: October 1, 2002)
• Land Use: Wetlands Issues (Congressional Research Service: October 9, 2002)
• Land Use: Tropical Deforestation (National Air and Space Administration: undated)
• Land Use: Urban Sprawl (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: undated)
• Toxics: Health Information About Asbestos (California Environmental Protection Agency: January, 2002)
• Waste Issues: Recycling and Municipal Solid Waste - Basic Facts (Environmental Protection Agency: undated)
• Waste Issues: Superfund - An Overview (Congressional Research Service: January 2, 1999)
• Water Quality: Safe Drinking Water Act: Implementation and Issues (Congressional Research Service: August 20, 2003) -- PDF File
• Water Quality: Water Quality: Implementing the Clean Water Act (Congressional Research Service: October 1, 2002)
• Water Quality: Soil and Water Conservation (Congressional Research Service: July 8, 2003)
• Water Quality: US Coral Reefs - Imperiled National Treasures (US Geological Service: October 2, 2002)
• Water Quality: Water Quality: Nutrients and Pesticides (US Geological Service: May 1999)
• Wildlife: Endangered Species: Difficult Choices (Congressional Research Service: October 4, 2002)

Government

• Campaign Finance: Elections Reform: Overview and Issues (Congressional Research Service: March 29, 2004)
• Campaign Finance: Campaign Finance Reform (Congressional Research Service: October 23, 2002)
• Campaign Finance: What's Wrong with FEC Regulations? (Office of Sen. John McCain: June 26, 2002)
• Campaign Finance: Summary of the Shay's-Meehan Campaign Finance Reform Law (February 14, 2002)
• Constitution: The Constitution of the United States of America (U.S. State Department: Added May, 2004)

Health

• AIDS: A Global Overview of the AIDS Epidemic (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS: July, 2004)
• AIDS: HHS' Comprehensive Fight Against HIV/AIDS (Department of Health and Human Services: July 10, 2002)
• AIDS: AIDS in Africa (Congressional Research Service: April 26, 2004) -- PDF File
• Child Health: Preventing Infant Mortality (Department of Health and Human Services: March 18, 2002)
• Child Health: Preventing Teenage Pregnancy (Department of Health and Human Services: June 10, 2002)
• Health Professions: Nursing Shortages: A Growing Concern (US General Accounting Office: May 17, 2001)
• International Health: HHS Leading Efforts to Reduce Illness and Disease in the Global Community (July 3, 2002)
• Medicaid: Medicaid - A Program Overview (Department of Health and Human Services: September, 2000)
• Medicaid: Bush FY 04 Medicaid Budget (White House Office of Management and Budget: 2003)
• Medicaid: Long Term Care (Congressional Research Service: December 18, 2002)
• Medicare: Medicare (House Ways and Means Committee Greenbook: 2000)
• Medicare: Bush FY 04 Medicare Budget (White House Office of Management and Budget: 2003)
• Medical Malpractice: Limiting Tort Liability for Medical Malpractice (Congressional Budget Office: January, 2004)
• Medical Malpractice: Medical Malpractice (US General Accounting Office: August 29, 2003)
• Mental Health: Suicide in the United States (National Institute of Mental Health: April 11, 2003)
• Nursing Homes: Nursing Home Care Quality Still Problematic (US General Accounting Office: July 17, 2003)
• Research: Background and Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Research (Congressional Research Service: June 12, 2002)
• Research: Cloning: An Issue Overview (Human Genome Project: May 27, 2003)
• Prescription Drugs: Would Prescription Drug Reimportation Reduce U.S. Drug Spending? (U.S. Congressional Budget Office: April 24, 2004)
• Prescription Drugs: Prescription Drugs: Accessibility and Prices (Department of Health and Human Services: April, 2000)
• Prescription Drugs: Bush Generic Drugs Plan (White House: October 21, 2002)
• Prescription Drugs: Benefit vs. Risk: How CDER Approves New Drugs (FDA, 1999?) -- PDF File
• Tobacco: Second Hand Smoke (Environmental Protection Agency: January 1993)
• Universal Health Care: How Many People Lack Health Insurance and for How Long? (U.S. Congressional Budget Office: May 12, 2003)
• Universal Health Care: Health Insurance Coverage in the US: 2001 (U.S. Census Bureau: September 30, 2002)

Social Welfare

• Childrens' Issues: Administration on Children and Families Programs (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: August, 2000)
• Child Care: Child Care Workers (US Department of Labor: February 27, 2004)
• Child Care: Child Care in the United States, 2000 (House Ways and Means Committee: 2000)
• Child Care: The Economics of Child Care (The White House (Clinton): December, 1997)
• Child Support: Child Support Enforcement: An Overview (House Ways and Means Committee: 2000)
• Child Support: The Child Support Enforcement Process (House Ways and Means Committee: 2000)
• Child Welfare: Federal Child Welfare Programs (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: July, 2001)
• Community Development: HHS Community Development Programs (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: February, 2000)
• Disability Issues: Federal Developmental Disabilities Programs (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: February, 2000)
• Disability Issues: New Freedom Initiative (Bush White House: February 1, 2001)
• Disability Issues: New Freedom Initiative: A Progress Report (Bush White House: May 2002)
• Disability Issues: HHS Programs Serve Americans with Disabilities (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: May 9, 2002)
• Disability Issues: The Americans with Disabilities Act: Statutory Language and Recent Issues (Congressional Research Service: August 1, 2002) 
• Faith-Based Initiative: Compassion Capital Fund (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: June 5, 2002)
• Housing: Bush Minority Housing Plan (White House: October 15, 2002)
• Immigrants: Enforcing Immigration Law: The Role of State and Local Enforcement (Congressional Research Service: March 11, 2004) -- PDF File
• Immigrants: Refugee Assistance Programs (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: August, 2000)
• Poverty: 2001 Poverty Estimate (U.S. Bureau of the Census: September, 2002)
• Poverty: What is the EITC? (California Legislative Analyst's Office: Undated)
• Social Security: Social Security Reform (Congressional Research Service: October 8, 2002)
• Social Security: Social Security Reform (Comptroller General of the US: July 29, 2003)
• SSBG: Social Services Block Grant (House Ways and Means Committee: 2000)
• Unemployment Insurance: Unemployment Compensation (House Ways and Means Committee: 2000)
• Welfare: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: September, 2000) 
• Welfare: Welfare Reform: An Issue Overview (Congressional Research Service: October 8, 2002)

World: National Security and Foreign Affairs

• Afghanistan: Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy (Congressional Research Service: March 25, 2004) -- PDF File
• Africa: AIDS in Africa (Congressional Research Service: April 26, 2004) -- PDF File
• Africa: Conflict Diamonds (General Accounting Office: February 13, 2002)
• Africa: Africa Backgrounder: History, US Policy, Principal Congressional Actions (Congressional Research Service: January 5, 2001) -- PDF File
• Arms Control: Disarming Libya: Weapons of Mass Destruction (Congressional Research Service: April 22, 2004) -- PDF File
• Arms Control: Nuclear Nonproliferation Issues (Congressional Research Service: October 7, 2003) -- PDF File
• Arms Control: Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty (U.S. Mission to NATO: October 4, 2002)
• Arms Control: History of Anti-Landmine Efforts (U.S. Department of Defense, July 29, 2003)
• Defense Spending: Comparisons of US and Foreign Military Spending: Data from Selected Public Sources  (Congressional Research Service: January 28, 2004) -- PDF File
• Defense Spending: FY 2004 Pentagon Budget  (White House Office of Management and Budget: FY 2004 Federal Budget, February, 2003)
• Europe: NATO and the European Union (Congressional Research Service: April 6, 2004) -- PDF File
• Foreign Aid: Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy (Congressional Research Service: April 15, 2004) -- PDF File
• Homeland Defense: Summary of the Homeland Defense Bill (House Republicans Committee Central: July 26, 2002)
• Homeland Defense: Winning the War on Terrorism (White House Office of Management and Budget: FY 2004 Federal Budget, February, 2003)
• Homeland Defense: Dirty Bombs (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission: March, 2003)
• India: US Policy Toward India (Congressional Research Service: July 15, 2003)
• Intelligence: Early History of the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency: Undated)
• International Criminal Court: The International Criminal Court: A Fact Sheet (U.S. Department of State: May 6, 2002)
• Iran: Iran: Current Developments and US Policy (Congressional Research Service: February 23, 2004) -- PDF File
• Iraq: US Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance (Congressional Research Service: February 23, 2004) -- PDF File
• Iraq: Congressional Resolution Authorizing Force Against Iraq (House Republicans, Committee Central: October 15, 2002)
• Iraq: Timeline: Saddam Hussein's Iraq (U.S. Department of State: October, 2002)
• Iraq: Bush Prevention Doctrine (White House: September 17, 2002)
• Iraq: War Powers Resolution (November 7, 1973)
• Israel: Israeli-United States Relations (Congressional Research Service: October 17, 2002)
• Israel: Middle East Peace Talks (Congressional Research Service: August 8, 2003)
• Middle East: Islamic Religious Schools, Madrasas: Background  (Congressional Research Service: August 8, 2003) -- PDF File
• North Korea: North Korea's Nuclear Weapons: How Soon an Arsenal? (Congressional Research Service: February 2, 2004) -- PDF File
• North Korea: US Policy in North Korea (Congressional Research Service: July 18, 2002)
• Pakistan: US Policy in Pakistan (Congressional Research Service: August 4, 2003)
• Russia: US Policy Toward Russia (Congressional Research Service: July 8, 2003)
• Saudi Arabia: US-Saudi Relations (Congressional Research Service: August 4, 2003)
• Terrorism: Improvising a Homeland Defense (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: June 17, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Al Quada - Overview of the Enemy (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: June 16, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Outline of the 9/11 Plot (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: June 16, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Crisis Management (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: May 19, 2004) -- PDF File 
• Terrorism: Emergency Preparedness and Response (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: May 18, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Performance of the Intelligence Community (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: April 14, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Reforming Law Enforcement, Counterterrorism and Intelligence Collection in the United States (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: April 14, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Law Enforcement, Counterterrorism, and Intelligence Collection Prior to 9/11 (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: April 13, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Threats and Responses in 2001 (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: April 13, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Diplomatic Efforts to Counter Islamic Terrorism (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: March 23, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Military Efforts to Counter Islamic Terrorism (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: March 23, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Intelligence-based Efforts to Counter Islamic Terrorism (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: March 24, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: National Policy Coordination (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States: March 24, 2004) -- PDF File  
• Terrorism: Foreign Terrorist Organizations (Congressional Research Service: February 23, 2004) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Terrorism and National Security: Issues and Trends (Congressional Research Service: December 22, 2003) -- PDF File
• Terrorism: Terrorists and Suicide Attacks (Congressional Research Service: August 28, 2003) -- PDF File